Tiempo Climate Cyberlibrary

Global Climate 2004

The global surface temperature average for the period 2000-04 was 0.20 degrees Celsius higher than the average for the 1990s. The rate of change since the mid 1970s, when the latest warming phase began, has been three times that over the past 100 years. The ten warmest years world-wide have occurred since 1990.

During 2004, the warmth was particularly marked over central Asia, China, Alaska, parts of the western United States and the North Atlantic Ocean. The year saw the warmest October on record over the world's landmasses.

2004 was also notable for hurricanes and typhoons. The first recorded hurricane in the South Atlantic Ocean occurred in March 2004. A record number of eight storms formed in the North Atlantic during August 2004 and the seasonal total for the region was 15 - the long-term average is ten. Tropical Storm Jeanne killed over 2,000 people in Haiti. Nine major storms struck the United States, resulting in damage estimated at over US$43 billion. Japan experienced a record number of ten tropical storm strikes, resulting in 209 fatalities. Towards the end of the year, a series of storms in close succession devastated parts of the Philippines leaving over 1,600 people dead or missing. Over the eastern Pacific as a whole, storm activity was below normal.

The United States experienced a record number of tornadoes in 2004. "The number of tornadoes associated with tropical storms and hurricanes was extraordinary and can be partially blamed for the high number of overall tornado reports," according to Dan McCarthy of the NOAA Storm Prediction Center.

Much of Africa was affected by below-normal rainfall amounts during 2004, with parts of southern Africa experiencing dry conditions early in the year. Multi-season drought continued across parts of the Greater Horn of Africa. Kenya experienced an early end to the long rains. Food security was threatened by drought in Somalia and drinking-water shortages were made worse by poor rains in Eritrea.

Parts of India experienced moderate drought conditions with the summer monsoon rains 13 per cent below normal. Drought also affected Pakistan, Afghanistan and southern China. Southern and eastern Australia has been affected by hydrological drought since the major drought of 2002/2003 and drought continued to affect parts of the western United States. Heat and dry conditions resulted in a record area being burnt by wildfires in Alaska.

Weak El Niño conditions developed during the year, as anomalous warmth in the central and east-central equatorial Pacific increased and expanded eastwards. Atmospheric conditions are also showing only weak El Niño characteristics. The Southern Oscillation Index has been negative since June 2003, but has fluctuated considerably.

Further information
The global surface air temperature record is available for download. Links to current climate monitoring information can be found in Tiempo Climate Newswatch.

On the Web
The World Meteorological Organization press release on the climate of 2004 is available on-line.